DSLR negative scanning

<p>I'm interested in hearing details of and seeing shots of your scanning rig. <br>

Any good links to information would also be welcome.<br>

Feel free to post your results, too. </p>

<p>Mine is pretty simple, yet quite flexible. I built a bracket to hold the camera which fits over the head of my enlarger --- it has a few screws here and there to adjust for parallelism in 2 planes...and it is sufficiently sturdy to hold any of my cameras (mirrorless shown). Raising and lowering the camera is easy since the contraption goes over the enlarger head.<br>

The box holding the negatives required little more work and I experimented with several variations. I eventually settled for building a a box with a LED light and protruding switch, baffling and heat convection louvers, and topped it with an old thick picture frame. I originally wanted a glassless negative carrier, but they didn't hold my negatives flat enough, so I used a spare piece of framing glass I had on hand. Negative masks should have been metal, but I don't have the tools for that, so used construction paper. I used duct tape for hinges between the top and bottom plates holding the negative, as well as for the tab to lift the top glass to shift the negatives. I also put a plastic diffuser panel beneath the negatives to ensure even lighting across the frame. So far everything has worked out fine and results have been more than satisfactory.</p><div></div>

<p>What would be the best lighting source, a slide viewing light table like the ones used for viewing and sorting slides or a flash? Of course used with diffusers etc to get even lighting. And now I think about it, what about an iPad set to even white lighting?</p>

<p>The fanciest version of such a copy set up is probably the Honeywell Universal Repronar. It allows use of short macro lenses on a bellows, filtration of the light, adjustment of enlargement size, etc. It will mount most dSLRs.<br>

I found mine for a very good price (I think no one knew exactly what it was. Perhaps they thought it was a disassembled model that formerly had a Pentax waist-level camera on it). However the shipping was high because of its weight.</p>

<p>A copy stand and a dichroic light from an old enlarger turned upside down can do the copying, if fairly awkwardly.<br>

Spiratone and others offered versions of something of the sort as kits.</p>

<p>This sort of setup can make excellent copies, IF the number of slides to be digitized is modest.<br>

Otherwise, through-put will be much higher with a high-res scanner like the Nikon Coolscan 9000 or Canoscan 4000.</p><div></div>

<p>I have been using a DSLR to "scan" 4x5 negatives. I described this in a previous posting at http://www.photo.net/digital-darkroom-forum/00b7Fk . See also, http://www.photo.net/digital-darkroom-forum/00bH3q and http://www.photo.net/digital-darkroom-forum/00dDZv. My set-up is somewhat similar to Stephens.<br /> <br /> Recently, I have started scanning 35mm slides using the set-up below. It consists of an old Kalt slide duplicator attached to my Canon 100mm f:2.8 macro lens attached to my Canon 5 DII. To attach the slide duplicator, I first removed the internal lens in the duplicator, attached a 15mm length, 42mm diameter, extension tube (same as T-mount thread), plus a 42mm to 58mm lens adapter. I also installed a black paper 1/ 1/4" I.D. light baffle in the duplicator, where it necks down before joining the extension tube. The total length of the duplicator plus extension was 6.25", which I determined before-hand to be the approximate correct distance from the lens for a slide to almost completely fill the camera sensor area. Since I already owned the macro lens, the total cost was about $25 or $30, with all parts purchased on eBay. If you are buying a new lens, most people would recommend a shorter 50mm to 60mm macro lens for 35mm slide duplication.</p>

<p>My source of illumination, so far, has been a white matt board illuminated by flash. This works well, but there may be a more convenient solution.</p><div></div>

<p><img src="http://d6d2h4gfvy8t8.cloudfront.net/18079912-lg.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="450" /></p>

<p>My basic setup is as follows:</p>

<ul>

<li>Sony A7Rii + Novoflex E to Nikon adapter</li>

<li>Nikon PX-13 Automatic Extension Tube (yields 1:1 with a 55/2.8 Micro, which is 1:2)</li>

<li>Nikon 55/2.8 Micro-Nikor Lens</li>

<li>Nikon ES-1 Slide Holder (threaded for 52mm filter ring)</li>

</ul>

<p>I use a daylight LED desk lamp for illumination, with or without automatic white balance. I set the lens at f/5.6 for maximum sharpness and use the magnified view (6X) in the Sony viewfinder for grain-sharp focusing. The typical exposure is 1/10 to 1/4 second with fixed ISO 400. Since the assembly is (relatively) rigid, it does not need to be mounted on a stand or tripod. I take care not to bump it to disturb the focus or centering.<br>

I also have a Novoflex focusing rail and slide holder for larger film and negatives. I'm not totally settled on a simple, consistent setup with that rig.</p>

<p>A copy stand like a couple others suggest is very flexible, but bulky and expensive. Overall, it is the best approach.</p>

<p>Not exactly a DSLR scanner, but a doable idea. Whether one uses 55/60mm or 90/105mm macro, some nuts and bolts, wood and a chopsaw or hand saw....and it shouldn't be a big deal to get it done. Too many projects at the moment, but that's what I intend to do to copy my slides.</p>

<p>Light source - video or flash, so long it is consistent. I intend to use PAR 20 LED bulb 400 lumens and adjust the color temp.<br>

Groundglass/Plaxiglass - easily obtainable items on the web <br>

Clips - reasonable in cost from Amazon</p>

<p>Les<br>

</p><div></div>

<p>Can anyone post a sample image as a result from your setups?</p>

<p>I'ld like to see a finished color negative.</p>

<p>Thanks.</p>

<p>also check out earlier discussion at http://www.photo.net/nikon-camera-forum/00aESj<br /> I will also specify yet again that I believe there is a reason so many of the 'tubular' type slide copiers, even those made by big-time outfits like Nikon, are so widely available on eBay in original boxes and 'like new' condition.<br /> Example from Spiratone:<br /> <img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4QAYRXhpZgAASUkqAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP/sABFEdWNreQABAAQAAAAKAAD/7gAhQWRvYmUAZMAAAAABAwAQAwIDBgAAB+kAABc/AABAlf/bAIQAFBAQGRIZJxcXJzImHyYyLiYmJiYuPjU1NTU1PkRBQUFBQUFERERERERERERERERERERERERERERERERERERERAEVGRkgHCAmGBgmNiYgJjZENisrNkREREI1QkRERERERERERERERERERERERERERERERERERERERERERERERERE/8IAEQgA0QGQAwEiAAIRAQMRAf/EAMUAAAEFAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMAAQIEBQYHAQEBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIDBBAAAgICAQMBBwQDAQEAAAAAAgMBBAAFERITBhQQIEAhMTQVMCIzFjIjJCVBEQACAQMCAgYHBQYFAgQHAAABAhEAIQMxEkFRYXGBIhME8JGhscHRMhBCUiMU4fFysjNzIGKCkqKTBdJDYyRQwuJTg6M0EgACAQMDBAIDAAAAAAAAAAAAATFAcQIRIVEQUGBBgQNhEiL/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQAAAK9OzQ8+rtO7a7Zx6/RFXm7hmAxJIC9oYOUpkH6mqZg9XSTmM3cMZj6d05e7okMnJ67IIA6KZh17FooT6XDBZfZcQadXoMYpamb0hg2dauufKySWlX1dZOVy+x5WwDWJlPRqdCqHvh4quT0QfRMJ+gmc0bYIYc96BhNvuc+tg5iQ3xmNLoRmBHaMYot+JkD1pmMTXYyQ9AEyobwTLF0ITOHvIwY6lo502zEwy6yMdabxnj1kYy6QhyUeu5apDecu8A9LhTzEvRmZKNoZ6xQsEcYKOQlXIHrOIvCJEqWVAYZZgzjsFWBxEkSBOtJycngFmnK4i2jPsIARjZw5JOFuZT4bWJU5/ldcOFHvF2tHoM0dexR42drLj6c2iZjRunyLFaMaVkOIkSaaJJ1EVe5VKpXcGK5AiE0gpKjFx6NoI9CBpNUYvgaQBNaKNmzAoD0oAA34A8vcllydfry157V73la0ehyIYupw3U8Zx1YFCPpynZIQwhHba3nBz0O75RaPT1zWvF5VCUZgWBnSGdIZchkHoyzLwWOcxoIFcvRpI0aNyqUY22IK6QyFfIYZ9VjP2ak+VjzPVww5zJ7Kl2isCLXM4HR89z0zW6nXKRIBWkAvVrKWiW7ZR9HoXl5+h0/DRVuZ61Oh0eNkd6LkDggwtTXVaFutcgTsMO0MOq4i/IJSoR6ZaaKI2Ew9YoQjSOCC1oeLuV7MJxgc70NHhuGRrn7Zwh9IcxC9BqnLYnomOcdtbKrfc0Qfmnp/lAWI1ZKYylyneAN1mD200WrZayoQMUvFCQkAxCuB88LG8QptfgVR6DGfK45n2cQ5csAsleG45h2tLNjjen5HuvPcmCCt8MK5oNSIFm2vENHI1/RmKmtI870bnD5vpLS+WN6ZSs4etsYR0OxinzekxsUldFp8T0Vb8s0MmnXrFM/l+7DXE3b2adpdwN4SSFTucWc6zpZPAkt3T5wqenZ+hnxzPYZet4dcvmd3y3aPUuC1IHnoQLcxrnKjmOj7M6IRVNNd80ZbLnHNG9z1oyOc9CyjE6O1Yl4G9eALos7Sg9WwOATKMg44WlYgZTAPVs0502i35pt4eo0hPRpCjLPcwusOqzdHNkru1jxapgJLtCgTla0B7FeodJi0M7Qb05zQaw9M++1gzXuIzzXIEqlpFW1GyZ7aATI6irqGe2ijDVypCJWmsrWZMPIM5TZ70454Qp7MxUgUWCn38PpIsMAuLejOvylqAhejN2IhFmdfWMx7sirKQKiUZSBEMaSIMCZCw1dwxWkSiLONhqQjShSiGEWANjGKd2qi7TsxOT2OiUvl4PVc+vOZdjmmGKxKW9tF0kzD3q2LABxcxRaFX0ZcV4QzWYADY8zSgE5Ec5EhMMKMoyzURhouxOKcPXuCANZcqkIiurBCrG0jk30pGK2uE6qwEw0QZRvxwkaFJwm++KjYy6NrFeIK/K7MsSXoxrwy2NcmOA0q9QJqnzJGm2Y5oTyhmrLMIaL5UTRnkENIee5vRyzl1qVU1w5zRp2sFVrrIgbjYNw23ynN1ZLymoToF6FdwjB0hRIiqQtDN6KKSOkhJITpCZIdJCdIZJDpIZJCdKEkqSShJISSEkhJISSEkh0lKnSGSUJJCSQ8UtP/2gAIAQIAAQUAQI9roHOkc6RzpHOkc6RzpHOkc6RzpHOkc6RzpHOkc6RzpHOkc6RzpjOIyIjOmM6YzpjK88q+F59kzxlb+H4Qw6oFU8xEREzzlb+L4QigciefZ05W/i93n9dgyUDBjkTPsVMdv3eMj4Gfoj5L6ojOqM5jOqM5+Dn6M4Gf/sZxhFEYP+Puz7ec5/RL6dRGAnJR8smfmcc4P+Pvz73V7pfRU8Bz84nOeYOeJH/H9HjOM4zj3i+leIlXTGdMZxGcR+vx7nGF9K38Xw5/Sv8Axfqc5z7vMZzGcxnVGcxhTE5Hwc+7Gf/aAAgBAwABBQAvrnOcznM5zOcznM/qc5znPuF9fiC+vwvPtL6/EF9fhI9yfr8QX1zj4eP0Of1Y9nGRn0n9Ln9Dj2R7Yyfr+vznPuR7hfX4LnOc59nORhfX4eMKfnznOc5znOc5znOc5znOc5znOc5znOc+9HxX/9oACAEBAAEFAN8+1FrUtfZsm21dR6mwSa7LtgovWpkbVwiWOxZhDsBnqvZE3pkBvMGUbCIqqvWk161+xW2tS/q4jTX4j8Rs4mrqdi5d71+vbR12wuoPVbRbkVrzrg6bYyMaXayyqy5ZeOp2PVao7JDHabZgFGhsbi51W0h7tRtFBGi2hRam5TsWdddruvqtUG1hu2n/AILZFha/ZeqnRbEZHRbXPwO0nD0WzAbeu2FSvZ1uwrVisWQz1NrJsWYybdiM0zbBXN3aOtdTtTB9FDEu9dWjDMAgtlXTN8+4SFOMWgapCmZDVrExc1yVFkWJDxe1021UxRNxX5Kltm1FYPWuzv6L9qW4ta9bGVou6nXl+MrVdbYVuLrarNfptwu42ppbda/Y9UDUIp1G/hNhFzbV2bOhrZ9Ko9rR1btiqXRsEmi5uZ/9Py773x+bEW2U1XFBtjnU1yedY6oUtvSKfzmzqSwZ6LA7qxFjXELWLJlgcEWiUMmzNRXpj2GkPZ3K3jbV4Gnd258TIcnxU4mfEXRH9WYOB4y05nxJslHizsLxg4j+qMKP6wZYHi0iU6CweB4s9En4tYdBeN2RlHj7U4zxPjFeOWAB/izSL8A9kM8aaK1eLvRk6VxxPjr1MseNMZLNBZJaPH21ZjxxokzxKSwNNdmW+MsaU6V8y3x11iB8UESPROtj+AIQVonVB/rRCcaBgNLU2YI9E4DjQEYx4zPH9cCcuaBlbPxy0TKpnYU/vHGWABqxaJiP3nNhEzJViI1LOQrC2GiuZV6fqmuhgj6ae45chIIickTKULhabYf75RMy7qxAjIGXeGsvtLKGYfWaO1zHQ159LAJYS3AEilSzgT7sjTXIG8JNAJOJcroEZMZVERkoElu57JSx4K7jCeJMO4l0nSXJKnX1pk6NWMYZ7e7G/is+oYNt0/vbC5NrFmYOqRj6Q9XalxjJQokAAUhBbAqFJPAjKtXNJpREyCjiuxcoOEyeV1dtFytDHRrpKa9YVwVAFzFIyhVY+mtViVhXgpmnAmqm1QEhpTXUMJ9LDCNTOFVRkqKDFzx6kVk9MkhYg5AwLenrsVw4bXglAiSL0gkKVw6wuytvs2e+/HWdrvBvi+2NashB2WL1kUDqfevR1NqLQQjTV3mV1wV2suSFAFi68Ik9Wsc9LFlhUogr1aTkap9IVZSyKxwkqZzFZRKVbrdbkqJYWaIiQ60GLervGqkthmruB6ERZNMIa6OIikvglxJRX6cbLW4+sKx1/wApeIyitYlOIrDXhtXvCwhURLG6NeZSyw31OWqSkBV5CwOwAZ2m8GnGxvztmtSSigyjPEgA2bH+apz61jaoOG1QGIdVmSZrpxtqm1nqEUGt2akxV2C7MxtUTJbFIr/LoiH7JCCdsFpJmxUqE7FLyi2Fld9MMYivwZVu82a/qmwo24pELFapAI1yrElrEzDNYlhN1qWl+PXAfj1dKtepRFrwIq9MUHZIoSIRIJdFcY6clq7KzOChSxInt9GKikCh0WGuU9LF6OdkCNa2i/aW7FliY688SetRbH5vqF/2Wn9u2WygZDcLnLO3quJOzrxJHAJiCsqr0WWBKg7troQJjSaEPr2COK1jpRXaElWfGSslptGItGxLZcRKkXSnCI1BJGxKGEUNmUE+x1MVYgVBJqcTZWarJFDu4qWWY7dFvcZYjlNZA2pigUT6WeGUZI5olMRRZ2xoSITrj6UUSUcIJeDYhL6nYMdjSRI0Z7CV6WbC0VH1rFYoi5sbc2rM2AMRb2p+uRMxhtls+vcI+P7lXZt7qrVCptF2VwcF7v1yRic6Bzpic6Y44jOiOOmIyQGZ6ByRiI6p5+WTxMSyc7sxiy6ptH0qfZb0KsOsQ5pwE98gJjGCTDbMHYkTYQBrmNN0/W9QVeAtds9RNLfxYjUpGXupmWN4nL9mK0zERMBM5Mce11diPYmOsnnMYNgxxW2sLzVWm2IXeGYm4PHqBEE3UPj3fJdjYXYr7e4rNNdOwuwZwAM2ExDthxLrHZ7t+Yl1/BZsZyqTZXZZC0CsyFDlrYT6sz1oUE26M5D6mIbVfAPqlHq6Vcjv1xxVlTpK9XGWLpX8SnXqYTkDjyM2+TWpNuRPHuWGEzFINsJqsVDimfZX4gkuYtdQyYs2nLd5sC6ReY4nb2U4nym0GK8v5z+01ohnk8TFu0dtsFxniyiANmoeutRBshPZV6FYqGuscARKpQDgqhSb7EF2hhy12xIzQEjMywsEJEewMPqixZt4HDURZCmlNc+3HoWzKIcC01TmfRuMtjPFjydX7+mMatZJxIiUnxE2FwB4lhRXi6Sci3UZlSvXc2dcs2xQViKEGe3OCt+0I6iVHWNo4UMfLKNYrTkKFGbD+RRjChgYkpiVRIksIgzcMqbrOsiuRymqIOMiWOJdCgUCyZZeITXmHzL4QdhoLJ9iDiqcGRtBc/lDgZ2rIk9oYsXtGnOx+48nj/TTYsGqsKsPOOS7M9rLNdj1a/UHbJ/jlxa3x1H0znjY8267TlYTwZNBMHYA44XOSuMlcxgRIjVDoxrIM1KHo8d1s1hj+XYEwDRNo4KWgqswwArAhHqB5hTTOnXaqLoiQpqIYSoitMthGAQRjyBTJYLBlo9TzhUmfdC0anN6k8WrKwAGrrMYvtCDemdj9xupi41njxqL8LHCtAfSOmhVXW6NPFWV68G7FVXA2SrWVdfWiY0C7EV9OeucsIAYVEyav2kMjPHsgpjJKZTJEQWWsWVOv6xleQWAzy28omriuwSCuYz+MrThUEHJU0lKkAmNhs5olG8S6EkLYCo6JZVaZ+jdGMrtJg02iAUWQLarjK9ufTOndJsyhoMxVN8TAxHt2P3Gtd6jYbQJJyFctAmrY2DhESyvDI76we15wo02ajp9QNj08Z24yIKM5nLXjQMJ3jZjjtO1cnSaGdvhLRns2Xd9mkietLoE1tGstvlvS1XldQ8rbOtagTEvY1Xch1h6B3+us24dY7Ka0pBev37aj6OxXdj3NncilX/cwmFBF0/NdhqcT5DfTiPMHDgHBjsPuNL91erpMNU2LL7FubFipYCzYG0/aTT2ikrm2ugaFidleurrJ8f6/eIYLDoIZlnQocO4p+iYASc+Pn1MuNlApa7bWJoLM5WhM6fWyhEQQj6uIn8jxA7GekNiExYRRvjZ8YUeR43cHNAbxL3PLL3caE9MLjpyImINY89HGUUTYavjp2H3FfUto22iUgrW2osaGvctRV2Niha1PrSnUD/1u0gjFJbLFnLHELY22rIffNTX7SYY+/wT7cDL9nAnc2EYt9wilgjPldZsuiIQjx4ug79H/wA+tfBUIKelNX8jalTgCeVrBssmswJIjSeGhJjKoFaK8Ll4nMpggH8k4WxcLIuBljYpQp7iexnyyf3YJxB9znD+eaSvzgj0xsfuZ+bZKIn5ZFS3qLFTVPvWKwbHTzq6L2WGBZmWK7DkMZLXx/rtHUNtaa3THo2FaCoqHjTVIuphEIVCaQpFs+Opk93UZcqarx7/AJ6ejr1ROkXTPiXRA6CxVPUJ9LCmGRuYKhU6GTBqgorrUUUxg3VjaZDPRWlvJz0xXs90uOc5jnyG31SqPnM84BdJfsyYjAiYzSWEgwWgWbH7mf5tquCKjVBgVQCXHXBD7CF0W+nnlGuCwPRJY+mIWLP+Fq85cN2VoG/kHiEbV8sU8poXNo2uzZbV9Zh7ZwY/aWhGrfsTcfubKlBtrMvVctFr42Vw8nZ2uLm2tBM69UxOvZEhVeqGx2ysWocKWgAy8JFDzYRfVz1hIrEM5ywogx8MsnIGEcDOSE+1H7Z1VMu2gCXXUyW2Z/mu1YdCITlga4zYr1uzUUoH3kHSWJCCtO5kvyz8gOtXI1wmUIXVaxco6j7SBhVckWKqBFwLWwpAhrsWo0KQxtYVrXa6AUlSm5MrGKdVDPbPyxY9QmpkxXsM5t05mCoyBLS2MLXNdHW0IdbgwcwunBYYZ6g5yeghkhOJHjEpJ2NrtSHzliR/3oCGW6lyq+RfTNnqqZEdqlBDdp8ttUwg20gEb+unJv6+cvAsar6wybKqphtcbA+iWcV+yqUqrQUqrtIRQMBUrzKbCQj8ijmdnXjCtqAhcBR6tORYXJDaUZDaSYnaQeTBdJvmQcpcDAmORYkWLcExRLlfkHUVRSNpWfKucdSZXKemMmc5w0syRPnUKkjUw2MsQRZYVCbFSf8Atg3EAtlSBayCYcIjvdQ12E1hUkFH4ur1fjq2bMBXVfVebG0W46s3qGswVnSnt+ldw6sUT2rMAFc1itbhga7IyKiOCrpOWiAyCFlELFBKkUGdZa5NagmGmMEQ9SyiJm46CNpEb5EMqzMRNtkn7DWLIfoqL8d4iksd4paXgisjqwR5odaB051S8jXjE7D7yt973GxIjYOJa2RBbxzvO5fD1YdszI2WQizL+u6zuU7PzkVx2gRzC6y0ktXbFqY7bwmIBMKbABygBCVwNghrCKuZVIFM4qRbEuEi4FhGta8m0s8YsRWZgch0sk3jGbsVLsIpUnFpairLNhTFVWhHFbDMQgGgecxnWM47U0nwHjtAWRIhElEYbQXGwmJt1vveG8vKVgANnArtGuuo4ZsKbJLqSwbessEdzXueXQ0NfYX1skRbCz7YBXFAjWgBTWBMsSprDpKg+ys0prwIBWXAkIzD1QcJDgZlfJcCImvnphkhAFPUA4ZA0oEYJcQhnkGpLYWB17JYnVMSTdRaOvVXKk5dZACSCIuibTYorIbEEYBUDtNCbkn1W87IjluZ9RVn/tFkMG51yUgaQM7Qqh1vqay0J0WWDPdpcAbKwbHrmS19qQ7rYAgcEJJ6FLayIcImqQERtrFSyQqFveqIcyWpSRqVKzYrK49MMqtKW1DJa6ZcV6zRIK1gDmo7ma3+z0z4w67zKzTImWKzIJNUe2OvrjERx7NqMSpnQ6oiivqYwWNRVEhMpFRLiIdMIeuuLsvzzabdXSt1t3SqzO7qzP5+tIo8grqlO6qLO35Cpwo3ciaN321ltp5HdJNDd8thN3aGBO7WYFu1wC9wExG5Dmd6PQrerXKtysGRuAiWbwCD8xBQzcgeL8gSuP7OnJ8oRGP3aWyO9X0DvVgf51MSe4rsWncpUSdohSpv1+am/r1l/wBoRn9nRgeQVpiPIKs5a21WwBWKmHeqmoLtVSwuoCY8hrZ+frZO/qxk+QV8bfC7cn6e9HvRk5GR70e5P6kfpzn/2gAIAQICBj8Aw2UIhEIhEIhEIhEIhEIhEIhEIhEIhEIghEIghEIwtU4Wpv6g0Q1wYWpdzbo/yY2pVoRsR0xtU4LLgkmnxPg3+TTSxo+BWpPrzctDXv0NLT9vfBs7moqT67GnJqbdFSYa8EEEU2FqnC3cv//aAAgBAwIGPwDwt1L7k+5OpdS6l+F//9oACAEBAQY/ACmBn2qqyE6aVcuR9gDOw3G4UTHbX6ny+5DvcFUYxtVd3E6j20HTJlLjcX/CFHGffQXxHAKs4ZiYIUSaAGR5OlzSqMjyxhZJobMpbqfpilDZT3hI755T7qX84neVVe+dWE0R4xtt+8fvT8jW9cxIsfrPEx8KDHIdpnvb7W1rLnxZyRh+pdxk9VfqxmIXdsVSxljMW7aRsuYsGkSrGxpS3m1XeJUM5vWRWzEeGN31HvC+nqpcuTzHhb/oV3MmjizZHB1BDGCOYoeYXzG1CSO8x4UmFspjJO1w522E03kRnIdZltxi1bz5kKJK952GhivD8a0bg+87T+2l8suVgzHbJYxWQP5jYmOzZGc7dJrHjXKcgy/QyPY0WTzG91EtjVzurxjmOLHwbI5E0PL+Ke8CyvvO0gUzrm37fqVMhmgwzi4n62+Vfpsudt1rqxIvWPy+TzJ35fpgtHbQw5vMHcQDYtEUPL4MrMxvO4xX5fmFeDDRkPdNDye87yN07jtjnNQ+YLJhZyG/VRl4gxdz66/qf/sNFjlFhP8AUNfqnyyndNnM96v1WTL3IUxvM96u87jtNfW/rNRvfnqavkcf6jWEszlS41JimKRJVNegzWPMwBCAqV5q31e+mXC/5GTHlbE5MLpx5Muhpe+pQDIjDgzMVvH4TEzW1MihvDKY4bUbBp1tu9VNvKEJHhbYJ2grt9VzzrAmJu6Dj2uOZA+nqMkzxNA+IwJ4KAIljPZaoGQs7ZETdAK95erlaiys4CONoYCbLr7h1UrnIQe7wUcJ5cCfVW45Hg+LpA+iSvrv8KyOuR5xtaYg/T0dPspsWS4zKVPXr86weUB/Lwg5WPT932knsrPjGRMuRWbJj8MzA4D3ivK/rMRckDaQY2/T66zvkO5NiMq8gN0isOfyY8TEVgQfpPP05VjwedU5GRL7OBtrcU2PyCHazyiE3gN0msHl/OMPFZtqiZiZ92lZPNMsYTuIaeYpn81ubCcrf09frMV+m8uhXDjx/e1tAFJ5nIoGPxTfcPvE1n8NE8xgJXdhJ74MDojprFnK+BkyAouMnifYOys2RX8FSWbxt1iJ9fyrB+iPiqhhwvEgRMdfvry/lM5nPsNtYj0is7eXV28wxIbd9Mz7prG36b9QY13hdtQ2PwpKsqTMDrryXX8aH8C/GgfK7d8HuuYDDiKzPnwN5XIgJORTAJ5217RR86QPGCnHu6ZifjWFPN+XHmMZjY+M7mHSfnNYExOxVgWKFidtjWVZMQ3uFZQnkm3ndtyjIP8AdE1j8ll+nJhDdq7a8xH0pk8Mf6SPjW0EEGOgx6CpfaBIE9tOwKyEm44A0HyD6RAH4mmfV8K8u2czmyOuxeS8/lT7HC7UT6hzmnQZ8ZFg6lZHbyrwVy4hiCuAqKdWEFpkmr+Yx0F/UY5Ika3FbjmxQeN6n9RiEdJogeaUsdRfn1862fqEnWL8K8Q+ZUcQ1/fNQfNLE8Z19dFh5lCBqb/OofzSR1k/GpTzKhl4xBHtok+dBmx7xvHbR2eZRDxgkfGtz+ZVwvEyY9tQ3nADFwSdPXRTH5xUnUKSPjW5/Mre8ka+2pxechB+GQPfU5fMqWiZeZj114J87INtkn/xV4LebGwX2GYt0TW/H5oIG+8siR66H/vyRYiSf/FRf9ZtyEa3BP8Ayrfm82rHm0n40FyednGbAGSD7anF5wIDrs/fX6gecIY233m/CZrxG8ypm+4jX21tXzxPQCdPXQz5PNy2gdlv76DfrpI4nh7aPi+bDhfq3Xj21KeaAYSbLcR/qrY3njkU/dPy3UfLnzoGPUpw99Dw/O7EJi2k+uv1A8335Pfi/rmvFHnIyOPri57ZpsbefMgd4GdPXSFvOkMB+W0Gw6DNPiHnO5MupBieZvUfq1j06a//AK1t0ftpVfOcjOe7jUd5ufGoy4ysDuvLL2DUT11gzb/EByKt/qXoI9JrL/bx+9qygY12MxUnddiPjS5MeFRKHfLaTwueHuoZPAQKR+LT20BmxJAG0w0kLy1vxpcIwqyqISWi1vjW7wEO2JO8x768Twk3qwKbXgN00zNjQFw1w1/fXhviQhO6gDfimePKu/hRbELL8eHrpsfhoAQZvqwFrTpQYY0kf59dJMToL0T4SFJhSHjW1+vlQ/JXaqll73GiThQLHFuUdNOu0LfgZkTRIxqxIF2aLR86J8HGTc2fU36eylVMaOqqurfSTw+VPizIAjXMNr0a0uYIjMFhhu0jlR8wcaAjvY5bQtYj5UXOJLmSxf0iaGPIib1ZQgY29OVN3MavA2Lu1E3m/qoeLjTZozTMAUVGBLni/upVbGnhLcENob/Gty4sajnu+q3XTo+NQpG6J+pvhShsaAJopbnW7Yiki+03pdqDIQ2nRenY+XG4xbdYxyFHHhwgo43NPOaLpgAMfVuEUcq4AMiNsUTe419OFMDgAMWDN9U0ieBP19zdpHHtrwz5YbFnb34rGmTANinaDu+kfGm8TywYSVndc8B7K2phV8ahVW/DiNaKZMWwEztLbun31JQVvZAIGvIUciHbjWytpCDj8abEJyYSY79zWBVgKryBx4mOysv9vH72plGEFpmS1on6o50EOGRj7q/mXvakAx7yfqlrLTJjw7lj6t+s0Xz49ihYB33sfjXh48I2EzO+gwwgsbAbuE6x7eig3hBNwMvvtbkOVDG+EeHP1B9BerYgyINqHfFHImGInbLc7U5y4xvC/isbmB6dFMGxSxYMMYfqvNE4cQYEQTvjs91EHAFbbIl7COHbTTjGPoDTxosUVvpuW6OU+k0XZFJ2qpWZCxPTyj102J8YGNiNDyiONuNHwcasNNxa59tAvhAadATHv9tPjKrsYgm97RwnlejiyYwFs67TYnrnlFXwjaxhiXmOdMAi7WNiWmVt002PaNja31nXjbhFAtjUwu27cBpx9tZB4Y3GJUNZiOmakYbRbv2vbX5V4mTEC0bQu+OqKO7GqgCR3p73Tei7YwkLtkNM9nCl7rN3tEMHjW843BxhistJPR20Mvh5FJYDbu5j4e+t7YXIUHRvSaXIuNmYhXMG3bQynG5Dbtwm4vakDYmnvgBWvf51A8u40Bl+vSjkGN8bY2Ujva9fVXjvidWF9xa1raV3Dre9j9i4XWUK7i3GhgwEjEfrPE9HVz50fLYCC7fUwOo5UMWMFnYwBXlgTuyNl7x/0mwrIeHhp/M1OBhLHcdzb+BNPhyYzjR4uXmY93xrwzjYKSYbfyv7abGMRIEQwy8Jt+2lyHGXdpLAPEGAI7ageXeN0zv6fTrrxcfl3JhhdufzoZMaM+6BsYxtEevrqcmNlBEHvWsIHp1U5OEsBpDG8T76DLjLkrH1RFtPTpozhOtpY6VkC4yUyBVI5R8KONsV532JPD0tVsR6Lmeo8PSKyK67TPMme00znEX0ghomv04wkIxG47qO3EzKIja2v7po/lsjqQR3pmL0z5sZlQNu143chQVsJUfinlFDCykqHA46CvD2McZjvbvTjX9P8uQN+622NdeoV4C4S6Y4jvV4hRg8n8tn6da2eA19O9Y8ajwTA0Ab040pyYSSt1hvfQTAm+ZY97jpHtNEbNoImd00u5WaDPd140zLjyFeJY3nlRyLukD6Zt2V45Dhm1xgxBsPTnShkyE3YDdrF6bLmRhtlQh48dOdLl8HJAlrtOtoiK3HFlDC/dMaUo2vkZzoD0ca3BMu1gU72g1v7KGDLjDKi44PG6z7KUeSYsxuQ3eVR779dK5Xa4XbAuDeodSpHKibMOPP51kyR3gAJPCvK/3f/lan5eEv8xpzkGRdrxMd03vpwmiAGix+nhA+VHzoZjtMWHMcuUVBLREbY4igx3BpVDbrFFG3kkL3jcawBSM4YB13AxTBZGwSZqO9P8JpcpJ2vMW5VuO4D+GmRyZUBjCk2NbWDRt3botFKzTtZQwMc6C45M7rxa1P4cwIuRRnE7ad5DFDdiyhiwJbdIEmfVWUsjhhuKsGgHlHXUumRQFEmSLrwpRlwtCqFXaxHHjNZSMeQSo+9Mx+HkaOLwsgBbeWLfhv6dVePk3gtcrMcIikW+3HZRPTNFzIYncYPbTM0y+sGhjBYAEnW96dLw/1X5XoOu6RzaaLEmCZIFuM0zqTDfd4azSbQx733NePspsk5oQ7SvE6CmYjKREHdwiaA/PYbRp/mrcQ4GMTexP7a3bcxYA62mKhvGBNtx0WnwxlfcPrFyJHClcDMdp+96uNB1XIOE6LaaXOuIvjZMY3LcrAF4o58DCVd1KwV4+ydaRsgDMveZGO0dHe0I663eYEMJGkdkjUUQwtFzxrIjsFZo2gmJryv9w/ymmH/pL/ADGm8ufMBdx3wRMdFE/qLcB4XD1Xon9STBUgDGfpH1Wi5PPhRZc7LeQNh5RSz5hmjmjH2aHt7K3v5mEOmu634Zv+2lbHmIAuDF4vqKTLjzEIR92ZI5X4T2+ysaqw8Rfqcz3qLsxZWBHhn6RPKoXJOn1CaL43ABEBStf1BujiKjI+5RwijsyAax3dKIc7j1Rxpm8RsbDaNJGn7aTGuZgwG0yv1Gxn1UVbOQdT3SaTK2UtiYGO76jzoZGzOwc9yF0ty7KORfMEophoWDPKTFNjTIzFh3TtHcMwfb+ygHzsNuvd10NErmZQdBtsP3x7adcmZnYhRKg2PR66GN8pYkHu7eenqijjyZ2lY0Xqp92VjDblO3gFob87Ce9IThShcrblO5iFMmdKJ8QvbTbAFJdhDT3NeNOVyuVBiNCOfvoRlfqmkl27nt66LjIygmSoo/mvPOaRGzMCs7mX700yjI0sQd3G1QMzzzmtzZXcQe62lRhbaB91rj5j10Rm2pvXdM2O0x8RTNiEhjdj97p6RRyqiwjDdyN72rzPmMcblgLIkRu5aUHzIgYgENiaJkT9Jt7axTkLY1yL3W4braH3gxTk6DEP5jWTNwZrdXCoYQRp6fCpW55n7LUoc2UBeyvDxMUx/hUx6+dDDlIQLZdzXNF2cEiO6tyZ0oORsJ+62tWP+K4rQfZEW+yIEVMXqSBNaCtKnaZ7KJ2a34VBSR2V/TY+r51/Sb/j86+gr1x8KxgOUYkxHGAf30EGTazMhVkWJBkX6SRTFM/3S0kEQJ+GnqpHXNCbdpMkiRqZj20D4v0JDtcCQbnTiPVUDzSix7wn5fu7aPh552qJuw+kd46dvsoZP1Rgll0PXy4UHOcmWZQVZiPQUo/UDIoF1vu0+wpk1ggNxE1u8o5yY+IF/wDifhX6PzGLYzkrK2EnmD01lw5Z2aMP9Q/dQyeYyBFACjbp/p9OusIWY3Y43anvVmc23YQi9bMagGatf/APEUruEifsAb6Rc9QqTqv85/8ACLVIJmu65o5PNP3MVtv4n+IX313jfiOVEibVvfuiJPRW7G4I/wAXgoxRFAI2mNxPyoBMrdRM++ozuGyjvQLEKdJ66PhQX4CtzBJv3B7JM8a+hTaxNr+vT040WVAck6EiInr5e2j3ALWsNZ/i4DTn0Ue6oF7252413lSNw+n8ProeMAHk6UpJUTKywnWaJBw7B3tJ7fjROY44IgbF4erjQB2mxItwmKAEBHMAAWJNSSh4/T+yiwK2kEgeuoxbSB3tNOmlA2we8o2xqYnTiaYyqsBeB0x76u/4hofuiT7KIRpIEnqqDkExu7KJaGOPvFwII6d3ZRzYcrKX+q5v6egoFMinl932EbfYKxh7NvQAQQbGT0eo0vlxZUAJ6Sf8Sl2LGBrw6KJWLcJANFsikAkC44C591CeMsetvs3nRRu+XtpMREAd8++pyTJPDmaTHfavfPwoeXSQG7z31qxIru5GHbXeIbrFfmYx2GhIaTeicWOeMta37TYUcuUyxqRTOykF/vHjHyoZTvBgKCnSaKN4ilQPqOtZMWx2V2YW5G1rcq8ZfFtbZz4XojZmmNN1uNABXhbbfvcqJjIsCwfT0tTOyOrEat9PDSkVVDyfvGANb08Ysaq13hre+pGNHUDarF4Pv502RETxAD4YDTx73HqpcRxoQp3L3+nXX19fGvDbFiBIUxu6f319CDEZgzdiR10Ixou+A21uAnhTbMWIwYXvX2zznnw51L48Ydgohtb8I66KjFji+4Tck68adgqDIVUKA07iRob0CcGOBwmeq88qyqMKqwgKBo9BXwoqqJEHiPp40GbBjFwSJ3aW93RXlf7h/lNYskfUpHqP2B8QIIMNJnX7CG7KMGRUC1lN+kA/ZtBsTkJ7FFeGVVgOYr8zEQea1jTASQ+RFYHkO98KZiLQAKAU3EmsmTmdo7KybTIB2js/wAUx4uRjX3n2V4a8LHr/APpH/In7FxLxNJiWwANKJaI+7wvRwnxe73txHDSNaCF8oJuOjh7KChsi7GiYuxM0MKtlBlnLceOtbC2UA2B0vXg7shC3Dbv8pP7K3HeFAiGPOCLUh8PxADMSRwN7VkxtiKKdrd7osPV18aI/TsQwP0zOp0trz7Io/wDt2UKrAE6m0xS43wwr6NuOgA6OmKIOEttOy0/Tw4UuPwNqXbvE2sPfR2YCdrEAidI1048Na24/LF1i0TGvKO2jlbCx2xqSNNCLdJ9VZMvhFXWYMnvdXq9tKyeXe5W5JFo+FvQUxOI2KiL8edvSa/ottAlmPD2VsGI6jvXuL9GvKgPAO0kKWm1+yvK/3G/lNYjH3mHsoeMCUgghfT11kd1CY2XT+Hj1mjtFibCvF4btvs+xfMqpICqr9G2wPURWxrBhKNwoqgDBZbW+l4osNDHu+zH0NP8AxagzXJm/bUkXIoqs6M1DcokcRxq1qsfsZujb66R/wiV/jbj/AKVuaO36RpPpx1rxHkz9IHGvGyDvHSOFL1H4UGx5VxwNGPTyqTnQzcARSfnIGC95jeemj4+RHMzItAj95rczKB11t3LMTrwp3TJ3WEKAdDEftonNkLnhy4VhVpu40+NNh3OSLS3NQVmZ6aLN4kEFOgDSY5nbSZt2RhJEHXQ8KbNuyqA24rBNhwondlAMsYFtJj051G7ISksLXjTsoM+TJJUlRHK0/urwzly7rMbaiJ9wpRLlkJaXSSb24ilxd4ZJQ7gtrz6dFeHucbWv3OKyPb6XpCCyAq8AL6R0Uoyu7ZF+owdtx8qCHJk2Ebu6Oc9NB1y5WIixFrnjXlf7jfymk8mBtKg5N+s20igjuFJE3jT11/WSOz5142PINq33Wge2sm9twYrsdYgMO2jvAyuASIItItImlw523bCZAI64N6Xcm3cJER8K2Kslge7uE02JRuJJhWKyI4U0LtKnaRNLnW6hhvH+Xn7a2ijIpgOIIog/4D0sPdQIYIcaoEvH1CijwzLZpUa0FECMQdOADTQxoRCil6A3wraqh7ixrxEwKD/Fego8uNtpO7hRJTXpNEsgkgCerSgSolQAOyiMYgEzV8Zddu6VIn1Vj8Xdg0dZ0I66ZsOaQwbaORPyqWzMRxEVuGUqpnujqokZ26LaUWR9oMcJraMp3yCXi/VThsm4sIUkfT7aBXKVACjSev102IZHYrYuselqLDM+INAuvLt41CebBnQH9t6DHNviP2+urDXX7fK/xt/LRyxt3BzEzwoQMbd36chie98KCtixFSRO1rz0CeFPhTwjjcuvh8/2870MAGNHDS6SIvcG9DMqYlVrg7o+POjlKYvEBLZLgyoFj7umlx5FwsAB3eO3kJ6qOXCcQCkqktttxmhuGJiSN23UE6Rz6ayORM5VX/dtH2SLdVazWlM6D6iWiYia0Ydm73VAg+z31dTUHUP8KYH8GI+8UcgtMe6ljjhYep62ta1HLmYIut6jGm7ENSbMequ+GTrFE4nDRr0VYg/ZYkEXBFScfiaf0zr2H50M3l22hVO5NCax4t078W1o4XaxHPT1VuLNjyKe9sMSG06/dFEOzZsZERMdo6eHTR2BlK6hhH+F8x1A7vWdK5sx99QNBYVs5anqoNjdln8LEV/ULD/MAa/Oxqw4lbUGGhANeV/jb+WlA5N7qbLmXdtU2vcC9JlGFNv3WxuSUtPe93XTeX/7dhDnGdzOWIG6escfXT4P+4YAmeJ3CYIA+VFfJYEOLFIVshPHt/dXmMWfAEy41O9VNm4dlBvNYk3bPFxnExOn3b9duFLj85gQNlUuhRiRIuQZ4+yg6JBXSsn9/H70/wAcET11dB2W91FVkdd/202GZHhAj/fQVdTRHBMbgHnLTX6kCdpA6JOlBvMElVvtGkdFDIO7iLHui/dXU/CvENio37Z5/SL0vmGkZXnIyiwvoOyjkzKC3ALRiRaAAbTXcO6NZFM7LZbenVW4ghZAB51+agb/ADRB9dT5TMP4Mlx69a/pgmbFXBEQZ+FZMGfGyBYKz8/8K+VU91O838R+Qov2DtoMezrqOLGKsdKJOgFLi4Ey3UKG3SBFeW/jb3VuALYlUnf1jSmCGGIME3vR8w2NMRxyzNjP193QDkTc1kTy+TwlkF34k8BTeS/7gwyLtLLk6In21lf/ALYAvl2awy3v0VnwebH/ALvIGG5u8vPT0tRPmdmMbGVPC3G+u4z1WFJl8w+MthVlRcZmZsWM/Y/Tmx/zJWQgK3fHhg/hvr+2p8NQ5aLH7sa6862riQE/enTTp66RseJDKqWkxBOvqFAMiqWR5M6P9wCTxrYyqCADvtf2xSgYlljEE/t/dWMHGu0geKZ+k8hQUkAnQTXjhT4fh7S3CZrefry2XoQan/UbdU0TBO5WgDibAD21kQiSBvMcSL/sooFIQgg8/XSsYuLqNAg0HWT66XCY24ycuYjnwWgFeY1J41bvMPfTblACamONbMa7Se81bLGTIEcaCNZV6Yrw0MDnTMbk0PDtHZNCWYnjfjXhp3hMXHxq6g9Rq4I7KbKWHdExTZXuzEk0F5e+lNoAiOmi34R3eutPjQAGtNkGrEYk+JoKNBavK/xt7q8wP/ST3tW0m54fY58kFy48l/DJ7wpvN/8AcIWVKKgPRHs99N5fCi5kJlb39803/cvNsoYg7FBty9QoEhMgI+/FtZ7DakdCmPugfVr3rx6caYZHUqLBQbg9NZJ/+/j96U4d8niBmG0dceqnQO8lA5n7oEG3CoXLltq3PorHvbJtYNkVwdN16jI2Ru6uRCeIN/Z00+F3ybdysO7+Hhx9Oqm8wjvkUMZNhEQONIcIdm/CWF4AuemD7KXIcjllbcJM8Zp8OIAuYiTGhor50EPNgraL7qZLsGMybEdREUUXI0EEQ/eHz9tQGJPNT8D86GRIaODAj3TRLuN7y2QczwE9FbWgDXsrcdOim2zbXromRu0a96ORRBNK8kxJO7nQfd3RwuLemlEp9UWo+NYCPXRY6C9FSsECftGEdZrcdFvUnjU1aR7asaLctOs0mLQY0N/8x9DViD215X+JvdWf+yvvalYo7mI/LMcR0VkxtiyYgQs7m1iTal/KdDwyTMddr0XVSZKspJt3id3vpfCxO4Qbtwbjy9XsoH9PkJ+6N1r87fKmGTE+OLiW11kaek0iN5d1VbLLTx3VjzY8Zcs0sZ+nS9N/dxe9a8zmAX8lwqhsYgi33udOihSAUxnJssN2y88Zk93qrdGNQUZl7gIZ1nd1HjBsRS41ClZdduwRYtx4WHbQ846g5iF2lkAjdA7RyrwicbMMTkkLMuN0H1C4502LGFCjYY2TqpYz2i54VnZdilICPsiJaP8AUCBWTIjiAmB1XYP/ADT8OFfp8hDIZX6YIhFafbpS5AQSXzr9P4J2+rjSeX3hgxCl1Sw7zC88bDotR8xuDZZMd0CwaLDiY06bUwxsrAYhlVtsbp7sX4zPbag65QR4GTL/AEwO8hiDy6ekUqNDF0Ru/jWxLX9lQsr/AAmpXJbkyg+6KhdpGtrUDkBBUzGs1tSVaZupjtqCSSb0Spm2lbWAAgE/YEfjpaRW5RE/YcjHU7mjo0o5RB3cARNFXUgE8qsfXVr9X2g8u/8AKjmB7z8Og1uYyyhr84+FYgbAEW6az/2R72oZGZlCKbLRxFsk5IWSdIv+80N29Vx9yV/y8x0+2kkuV8Q7bwRb3WpGXxCxj6jI040xbIdz5d+MKWFiR6zyBtXmQmQqWyFU3sxskbr3ib34VjGQliyH7zSoGhI+khuev2Of/Wxe9KzFsJJ+s3O1/hNZUPl2C93ch+9YadUCkT9MVJVkJIsFAj26c6GFfLHuxPRMke803k0wM2LiLkRbT4UHXy52yVK33QAR28qxsfLFwbxJJEC3oaVx5YtuUG3Ak6Hhaa2N5U7T3HEG647rHwo58fl2DHuzcm3X1UUPlWAYsCzTHeBk9tHIPLyyOAqqDPX3us1+n8AvjgNtXmST7DXgt5fahXZPDaNBWxfKMVVGT/SdR0zxoo3l/DVQI3Xmfl/gy5mUGdAaGVUCra4PCeU0QPqbZJPInnJpMhMsYjhEx00AASW5czc1AVu7r6dleKoBnpvapyYyI6PlIrahCv0mm3ngYv8AZ3WI7a70N/EorcQFj8Op7PjUA7egj41qD1UANWPsFJjxkgLHeHTb11AkD6Cpnhe0+2vL5Pxu59URWRGEhsIH/I0qFnXI1gjM37uFLjDuWay3bj+6ijMxE7bliCZj30yM7bkJDCW1FEMzgg8S/Rf21jZmbZkurbmgUrM7bWAYGX0av6hHWzirZGPUz1OO6s+JpJJmXXnTZP1DJe43WBjSjHmSGII3bvfQdc5Xavh7lNpt76MZ22gS0G3pzoN45axsW5+6KR1zsSp1ZtddfbRbxjDEkLutTkZWO4BCQZidO2oGclgCxO7h+yhiGTcQJnWQKjdflB6/jQG650sa2M0GY7aDAiCJHZX9Rf8AcKChlLHQTWxWBPQa3K6lbXnnpRx+Iskfi4Gj4Th7TGlie0eyhiYECNY+XyrdjYtGwXXhIHAAmgSCdu3aFD7YH+6hzULba3CP8tMWhZF5tz512++9HEhhshVOybx2UqHETjY2Qwyxynhaiv6NxPLZ86IzApfQi9WE9daCgIF+itogx+GKhh7KXKCABz6KJyE+GLr3eNF4IEbF6S1eTQcN3wpv7Q/mNHOvlwuQMuwFLgQej900fMr5UJkDGVi8ATOlGPKKRqtjrPV20uT9NLOPEcn7pb6rxW79JcBQLc46NKxYc3lwFMqJH0xJ9vKgGRSFEC2lFvDWTHDlX9NfVQRRChsQA/1rThFQqWLX6omrIkC/e09PQ0yYwuwwVnSR6egpgqqDbu8P8wrauJJcHfe3Ya2+HjK2g1OHEkQNdfQURjx4wTFhp19lMFx4wQAB1H6pqRjxjhblQBTGFNyR0egqyLW5lBPOlCgEbcndHGv/AOY6X17IpWTBcCZH3S2tTj8sQL3HO8+ujgXAfCZkkqePTQQYC0EhdvAen7K8M4DsJgiZtz6qKr5YsFO2RF/XSFfLlSSL8r/CiPBaL37Y/bRY4nBOvfig2wuIBgZDM+ujtUIs/eJJPT6q2HESJ14R9sOARyImpbEAea933VOLIy9d6BRlcAzyPtp/GJH1bYE97ppl4bGNK2UEFizCCR3asSPV8qBLEwZFq8t1t8Kebfkj+Y0AfNr7aLJnBCqA2usdX76CrnuPvNImZ6NaHmHzTikNEmNt+jqtTlfMKVJ4g90a2tWN8jgw3eglZ0sB2GnOLMgVLmRoKJbPjUiJB4E6A1tXKiSJVT9VtT1UG3K53YpZNJ3rToMbkswuh5Tx4UZx5O8QpBNwF+FPkZMkgggFrmlYKxhS07rTHvo5Ext3pUpu0W3oKQeFkIPehW0LcDFbVxPtUzZtdJolFcbBIMyGtoKEYXuT9/0nqrKi4mBAFi34uXKwmiTjdSANstY7dB20fy2uwtu11/dRVcLn6dD+HSgXUqPzu6dYox4o2qXljHZXjEZbbTH3SRFCPGBY2nQEe6lbdkhh4nb1e+mtkByRovKPfSuGyQ24NuPAa252tRZjmH3+r00pcYbKpY+rtq5yyO5tXotPsnrobpIby42l9d147a8r3GHisylS12UD6jy706aisiZe8QVVU3EWLQWF9VFbsO1th25XDkuGki66AGsU/gT3fZLEAdNEKwMawfsIBEjWpbEt+It7qm5/yFvQ1tEAAachVzUuwA6TXliObfCn/sj+Y0AvhQbmVA4WNwLWpSm1N13tqAOivB3YmN+F+rSmxEIW+4I7sdNAOuMpxEdFAIAUUCFasiZEVN1tyCCfQ1nO3cWKlWWL2ZbhuQIn1isZCPKoEf6b7AwseEzbnxoLlEHxEgEAHb4giYtNOdrg2WU0jnRLJlgBTtnXh+2vD8LKVcQeNiIruY8hDBkKzMKb6RV1ysGCtrfX6Y6ONY8gx5J3fi05SOV6aceXUiB9Nzc1tXHlO3Qq1rH4+6hi8LJCKWX8U/OnRceSCurNfu3ii7Ysm5SupncflTL4WQjIwa50OnspVOPLtSVsbmW19nZWNAGWFcDdciifHZQPum3DhNQvmDucwrMZ+nX9tBj5glReJ1onH5j6zJ9OgUNnmNb2I7av5iQbCT1eug4zQq8Omadxn7pBtNl3cflQZ/MSAJZW6dKGVMuNRsCw7X5/Gsedf04bCFUHc5GkDo/bXjYj5a3HvfVO4GeY92tHAcnlwGu7gmW2yRPC16RGIJVVEjSw+wTj8ST9MUfMJhZXRkIE6jjYcqbJkw5FO3drxHCsbJiySxhgWPd01pcAwvtxmFKnlblypz4OQOsMATJa94pmy4H3qtoMbugeuiMuFgMSmBuuTa1qO3y7txEtJB5+y1eUkQeI/wBtZOP5K/zGsK+EjZSCzqrfTFu2xpQmIOu068J7fZ7aGZca+KSJgc9axtsByEHeBcDlxpfyhtMb+i9+PKmVcYK97abnhab8TNMMybVA7p5mT09VPmxSQ2zcEsw2fOwgUG8vLE42ULDAqQGlgfp1t7qkyV8Vdk/h8QRrThmyC+iG1wK/UE5dduwHjp8K2E5du1I2HSLe3jW0vlLbYsZF5o5icgC7UCrY9cdtFW8W7SJ1/DWxDlUqpu2pvp7IpoOVVS7Qb6RHTEUCDlDCCZsvd59dKgOVQZ46a+nqqGbKdhn/AG/OK8UnJtJZAo7b+l6BDZrygHE86QpuM+Ie+b0uQIhyEd/dzpV8PGSBcXgE6xRV0SAvd6W6e2pfGii57vMigy4sQMfUPdr19lBhixyLdlFdi+E2vORpRVUxhYjrgmPn10C2PGZCqx9OQ0oMiIygAd7s9woJhxrtJmToNuntrbkQSbsBpNEbBfWoH2KSrNDf+XroaXKBkgd1Ap71zEtWHcckuN1zYbeB+VO/h5ryDBtytWTIVzKUhtpa7a2FLi8LNt3M1je/Z6qwKVyFTf6rgkgw1NlGLI0N902JI1ismY48qFe+FDRPQI6vbXlDEX0P+msjZZhsSqsA3uZqcavPTPR0dFbhvBJnQ855c6VXDsVBEwbz2UT+YZ5zYer20HHid3gZv12oDGzIQwMgH5UzPkdkMwuw/KnxPkZ5EKSrAg+qpGZ+Nu/HGvBylidwfcA3Ag8R0UWDZADwCm3spVLZAyz3oPHspUD5bEy0GT0aUqb8oIJJYA96edqZcmTI06WPy1qd+QmPwn5UE3ZJky20yZ7KJZ8jSIuv7KGR8mVwpJ2lTF+zpokZct7mxpFDZF26kKe8OE1/UynqU8qUK2RQoUWU6ib6caWRkYrNyDeeyvof/aflV0f/AGn5UzgZFJjRT1cqZHGQy0iVJty09dAgZdovtg+21OduWX3fdNpj5V4ZGUd7fMGfdRb85pJsQYv2U2GcrBhEsDbqtRP5t9e6enorwwrkSTJB+VfQ/wDtPyr6H/2n5UCwcHl4bH4Vpk/6bfKthbKt5lcbg+6pGTPPH8tpPsoYg+YMpYq5xNx7OFNjVsxLR3hje0GbUpD+YsZP5bXq65f+k1aZP+k3yrTJ/wBNvlX0ZT/+Jq8ucauArXLrt1I/+JCv/9k=" alt="" /></p>

<p>Like my personal experience, I suspect these suckers were bought, tried once or twice, and ended up in the back of the closet. <br /> The copy stand and a bellows copying lens work better if the light source can be found. After trying lots of different solutions to the scanning problem, I have always come back to a high-quality film scanner like the scanner Gup sold me :)</p>

<p>Did I mention that I have over 6 GB of digitized slide files (some 100,000 images) ?</p>

<p>FWIW<br /> this is a 100% crop from a 4000 ppi Canoscan 4000FS of a Kodak ISO 100 C/N taken in 2004.<br /> The slight fogging from X-rays and other radiation sources was the immediate cause of my buying a digital camera that year instead of continuing with film shooting followed by scanning.</p><div></div>

<p>Although I never tried copying slides back in the film era, I suspect that the poor optical quality of many of the tube-type copiers, like the the Kalt model that I adapted, and probably the Spiratone that J.D.M. shows us, is the reason for their disuse. The Kalt copier has an internal single-element lens (which I removed) for focusing a typical normal 50mm lens on the slide. This combination is almost guaranteed to produce chromatic and probably spherical aberrations.</p>

<p>One thing that I worry about with using a tube-type copier is internal reflections within the tube. This is why I added an internal light baffle. So far, the slides that I have copied with this set-up look good, but if internal reflections do become noticeable, I might replace the tube with a bellows. I think that I have one lying around somewhere.</p>

I thought I'd revive this old thread, in view of the amount of traffic that this subject's generated lately.

(Thanks Glenn for linking to this thread!)

 

Also to refute claims that digital camera copying can't equal a 'real' film scanner.

 

Here's my first setup:

It's a converted Nikon ES-E28 on a 55mm micro-Nikkor. It does the job well, but entailed a bit of work to convert from a 28mm filter thread to an M42 thread to accept extension tubes. It does come complete with a decent film-holder however.

The rig is just pointed at a white board, and the film is illuminated by the camera-mounted flash reflected back.

 

This is my updated setup:

A purpose made Bowens Illumitran 3 slide copying setup - quite heavily modified to reduce its flash output and use a good-quality negative carrier.

 

Fitted with a 6 element 75mm enlarging lens, it works superbly.... but as received the flash was far too bright on minimum setting, and it had no negative holder for strips of film. Again it needed work to make it useable, but that was reflected in a low purchase price of £50 (about $70 US).

 

Now to the heated argument of whether a digital camera copy is as good as a dedicated film scanner. IMO, yes every bit as good, and maybe better, depending on the scanner.

Here are two examples from a 35mm colour negative:

One from a good-quality 3600 ppi scanner, and the other from a Sony a6000 camera on the Illumitran. I'll let you decide which is which!

Here are side-by-side 100% crops to help you.

And another couple of colour neg examples from scanner and camera:-

"Ah" you might say, "but my scanner has a resolution of 4000ppi".

Sorry, but a 24Mp camera at 4000x6000 pixels trumps it. How so? Well 4000 pixels across 24mm is actually a higher resolution than 4000 pixels per inch. Not by much, I admit, but by a noticeable amount.

Edited April 20, 2019 by rodeo_joe|1

I have something similar but not quite as awesome. Fuji X-Pro2, macro lens, tripod, light source, negative holder. I do the negative conversion in Capture One by flipping the levels and white balancing. Very easy, better results than my Minolta Dual IV scanner.

.....but not quite as awesome.

Awesome? More like "Aw shucks, I've bought myself another project".:eek:

"Ah" you might say, "but my scanner has a resolution of 4000ppi".

Sorry, but a 24Mp camera at 4000x6000 pixels trumps it. How so? Well 4000 pixels across 24mm is actually a higher resolution than 4000 pixels per inch.

 

But the reality is that very few (in my experience, none) film images go beyond 4000ppi. Above that you just resolve the grain or dye cloud 'larger' but get no meaningful additional information. The scanner simply does a better job than one involving ordinary lenses and such-like impedimenta.

And not all 4000PPI scanners are created equally by any stretch of the imagination. A 4000PPI scan from a gel/oil mounted drum scan with a PMT (A Tango, a ScanMate 5000 etc) is going to be vastly different and superior than a CCD from a $500 film scanner. To refute claims that digital camera copying can't equal a 'real' film scanner, one has to define the kind and quality of said film scanner! Let's see a comparison from one of the big boys.....

Part of the problem is that there’s been pretty much no development in consumer film scanners in the last 10-15 years. Digital camera scanning has inconveniences but you can get a well resolved 24mp with plenty of color data and work with raw files and once you get a rhythm going it ends up going quickly.