garrido_manuel

A hutong is an old city alley or lane, and the hutongs of Beijing are one

of its most distinctive features. The capital city is home to thousands of

hutongs, many of which were built in the area surrounding the Forbidden

City during the Yuan (1279 - 1368), Ming (1368 - 1644) and Qing (1644 -

1911) dynasties. During China’s dynastic heyday, the emperors planned

the city and arranged the residential areas according to the etiquette

systems of the Zhou Dynasty (1027 - 256 BC). At the center of the

metropolis was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric circles by

the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social status were

permitted to live closer to the center of the circles. The aristocratic

hutongs of those days were located just to the east and west of the

imperial palace. The lanes were orderly, lined by spacious homes and

walled gardens. Further from the palace and to its north and south were

the commoners’ hutongs, where merchants, artisans and laborers lived

and worked. The residences lining the hutongs, whether grand or

humble, were generally siheyuan, complexes formed by four buildings

surrounding a courtyard. The large siheyuan of high-ranking officials and

wealthy merchants often featured beautifully carved and painted roof

beams and pillars and carefully landscaped gardens. Commoners’

siheyuan were far smaller in scale and simpler in design and decoration.

The hutongs are, in fact, passageways formed by many siheyuan of

varying sizes, all arranged closely together. Nearly all siheyuan had

their main buildings and gates facing south for better lighting; so that

the majority of hutongs run from east to west. Between the main

hutongs, many tiny lanes ran north and south for convenient passage.

A hutong is an old city alley or lane, and the hutongs of Beijing are one

of its most distinctive features. The capital city is home to thousands of

hutongs, many of which were built in the area surrounding the Forbidden

City during the Yuan (1279 - 1368), Ming (1368 - 1644) and Qing (1644 -

1911) dynasties. During China’s dynastic heyday, the emperors planned

the city and arranged the residential areas according to the etiquette

systems of the Zhou Dynasty (1027 - 256 BC). At the center of the

metropolis was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric circles by

the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social status were

permitted to live closer to the center of the circles. The aristocratic

hutongs of those days were located just to the east and west of the

imperial palace. The lanes were orderly, lined by spacious homes and

walled gardens. Further from the palace and to its north and south were

the commoners’ hutongs, where merchants, artisans and laborers lived

and worked. The residences lining the hutongs, whether grand or

humble, were generally siheyuan, complexes formed by four buildings

surrounding a courtyard. The large siheyuan of high-ranking officials and

wealthy merchants often featured beautifully carved and painted roof

beams and pillars and carefully landscaped gardens. Commoners’

siheyuan were far smaller in scale and simpler in design and decoration.

The hutongs are, in fact, passageways formed by many siheyuan of

varying sizes, all arranged closely together. Nearly all siheyuan had

their main buildings and gates facing south for better lighting; so that

the majority of hutongs run from east to west. Between the main

hutongs, many tiny lanes ran north and south for convenient passage.

A hutong is an old city alley or lane, and the hutongs of Beijing are

one of its most distinctive features. The capital city is home to

thousands of hutongs, many of which were built in the area surrounding

the Forbidden City during the Yuan (1279 - 1368), Ming (1368 - 1644)

and Qing (1644 - 1911) dynasties. During China’s dynastic heyday, the

emperors planned the city and arranged the residential areas according

to the etiquette systems of the Zhou Dynasty (1027 - 256 BC). At the

center of the metropolis was the Forbidden City, surrounded in

concentric circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of

higher social status were permitted to live closer to the center of

the circles. The aristocratic hutongs of those days were located just

to the east and west of the imperial palace. The lanes were orderly,

lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. Further from the palace

and to its north and south were the commoners’ hutongs, where

merchants, artisans and laborers lived and worked. The residences

lining the hutongs, whether grand or humble, were generally siheyuan,

complexes formed by four buildings surrounding a courtyard. The large

siheyuan of high-ranking officials and wealthy merchants often

featured beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars and

carefully landscaped gardens. Commoners’ siheyuan were far smaller in

scale and simpler in design and decoration. The hutongs are, in fact,

passageways formed by many siheyuan of varying sizes, all arranged

closely together. Nearly all siheyuan had their main buildings and

gates facing south for better lighting; so that the majority of

hutongs run from east to west. Between the main hutongs, many tiny

lanes ran north and south for convenient passage.

A hutong is an old city alley or lane, and the hutongs of Beijing are

one of its most distinctive features. The capital city is home to

thousands of hutongs, many of which were built in the area surrounding

the Forbidden City during the Yuan (1279 - 1368), Ming (1368 - 1644)

and Qing (1644 - 1911) dynasties. During China’s dynastic heyday, the

emperors planned the city and arranged the residential areas according

to the etiquette systems of the Zhou Dynasty (1027 - 256 BC). At the

center of the metropolis was the Forbidden City, surrounded in

concentric circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of

higher social status were permitted to live closer to the center of

the circles. The aristocratic hutongs of those days were located just

to the east and west of the imperial palace. The lanes were orderly,

lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. Further from the palace

and to its north and south were the commoners’ hutongs, where

merchants, artisans and laborers lived and worked. The residences

lining the hutongs, whether grand or humble, were generally siheyuan,

complexes formed by four buildings surrounding a courtyard. The large

siheyuan of high-ranking officials and wealthy merchants often

featured beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars and

carefully landscaped gardens. Commoners’ siheyuan were far smaller in

scale and simpler in design and decoration. The hutongs are, in fact,

passageways formed by many siheyuan of varying sizes, all arranged

closely together. Nearly all siheyuan had their main buildings and

gates facing south for better lighting; so that the majority of

hutongs run from east to west. Between the main hutongs, many tiny

lanes ran north and south for convenient passage.

A hutong is an old city alley or lane, and the hutongs of Beijing are

one of its most distinctive features. The capital city is home to

thousands of hutongs, many of which were built in the area surrounding

the Forbidden City during the Yuan (1279 - 1368), Ming (1368 - 1644)

and Qing (1644 - 1911) dynasties. During China’s dynastic heyday, the

emperors planned the city and arranged the residential areas according

to the etiquette systems of the Zhou Dynasty (1027 - 256 BC). At the

center of the metropolis was the Forbidden City, surrounded in

concentric circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of

higher social status were permitted to live closer to the center of

the circles. The aristocratic hutongs of those days were located just

to the east and west of the imperial palace. The lanes were orderly,

lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. Further from the palace

and to its north and south were the commoners’ hutongs, where

merchants, artisans and laborers lived and worked. The residences

lining the hutongs, whether grand or humble, were generally siheyuan,

complexes formed by four buildings surrounding a courtyard. The large

siheyuan of high-ranking officials and wealthy merchants often

featured beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars and

carefully landscaped gardens. Commoners’ siheyuan were far smaller in

scale and simpler in design and decoration. The hutongs are, in fact,

passageways formed by many siheyuan of varying sizes, all arranged

closely together. Nearly all siheyuan had their main buildings and

gates facing south for better lighting; so that the majority of

hutongs run from east to west. Between the main hutongs, many tiny

lanes ran north and south for convenient passage.

A hutong is an old city alley or lane, and the hutongs of Beijing are

one of its most distinctive features. The capital city is home to

thousands of hutongs, many of which were built in the area surrounding

the Forbidden City during the Yuan (1279 - 1368), Ming (1368 - 1644)

and Qing (1644 - 1911) dynasties. During China’s dynastic heyday, the

emperors planned the city and arranged the residential areas according

to the etiquette systems of the Zhou Dynasty (1027 - 256 BC). At the

center of the metropolis was the Forbidden City, surrounded in

concentric circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of

higher social status were permitted to live closer to the center of

the circles. The aristocratic hutongs of those days were located just

to the east and west of the imperial palace. The lanes were orderly,

lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. Further from the palace

and to its north and south were the commoners’ hutongs, where

merchants, artisans and laborers lived and worked. The residences

lining the hutongs, whether grand or humble, were generally siheyuan,

complexes formed by four buildings surrounding a courtyard. The large

siheyuan of high-ranking officials and wealthy merchants often

featured beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars and

carefully landscaped gardens. Commoners’ siheyuan were far smaller in

scale and simpler in design and decoration. The hutongs are, in fact,

passageways formed by many siheyuan of varying sizes, all arranged

closely together. Nearly all siheyuan had their main buildings and

gates facing south for better lighting; so that the majority of

hutongs run from east to west. Between the main hutongs, many tiny

lanes ran north and south for convenient passage.

A hutong is an old city alley or lane, and the hutongs of Beijing are

one of its most distinctive features. The capital city is home to

thousands of hutongs, many of which were built in the area surrounding

the Forbidden City during the Yuan (1279 - 1368), Ming (1368 - 1644)

and Qing (1644 - 1911) dynasties.

During China’s dynastic heyday, the emperors planned the city and

arranged the residential areas according to the etiquette systems of

the Zhou Dynasty (1027 - 256 BC). At the center of the metropolis was

the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric circles by the Inner City

and Outer City. Citizens of higher social status were permitted to

live closer to the center of the circles.

The aristocratic hutongs of those days were located just to the east

and west of the imperial palace. The lanes were orderly, lined by

spacious homes and walled gardens.

Further from the palace and to its north and south were the commoners’

hutongs, where merchants, artisans and laborers lived and worked.

The residences lining the hutongs, whether grand or humble, were

generally siheyuan, complexes formed by four buildings surrounding a

courtyard. The large siheyuan of high-ranking officials and wealthy

merchants often featured beautifully carved and painted roof beams and

pillars and carefully landscaped gardens. Commoners’ siheyuan were far

smaller in scale and simpler in design and decoration.

The hutongs are, in fact, passageways formed by many siheyuan of

varying sizes, all arranged closely together. Nearly all siheyuan had

their main buildings and gates facing south for better lighting; so

that the majority of hutongs run from east to west. Between the main

hutongs, many tiny lanes ran north and south for convenient passage.

During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing

and arranged the residential areas according to the social classes of

the Zhou Dynasty (1027 - 256 BC). The term "hutong", originally

meaning "water wells", appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty, and it

is believed to be a term of Mongol language origin. In the Ming

Dynasty (early 15th century) the center was the Forbidden City,

surrounded in concentric circles by the Inner City and Outer City.

Citizens of higher social status were permitted to live closer to the

center of the circles. Aristocrats lived to the east and west of the

imperial palace. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials

and wealthy merchants often featured beautifully carved and painted

roof beams and pillars and carefully landscaped gardens. The hutongs

they formed were orderly, lined by spacious homes and walled gardens.

Farther from the palace, and to its north and south, were the

commoners, merchants, artisans, and laborers.

Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences,

founded in April 1945, is the largest in Europe. It covers a territory of

approximately 3.61 km², bordering the All-Russian Exhibition Center,

and contains a live exhibition of more than twenty thousand different

species of plants coming from various parts of the world. The garden

also has a scientific research laboratory and contains a rosarium with

twenty thousand rose bushes, a dendrarium, an oak forest with the

average age of the trees exceeding 100 years, and a greenhouse of

more than 5000 square meters.

Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences, founded

in April 1945, is the largest in Europe. It covers a territory of

approximately 3.61 km², bordering the All-Russian Exhibition Center,

and contains a live exhibition of more than twenty thousand different

species of plants coming from various parts of the world. The garden

also has a scientific research laboratory and contains a rosarium with

twenty thousand rose bushes, a dendrarium, an oak forest with the

average age of the trees exceeding 100 years, and a greenhouse of more

than 5000 square meters.

Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences, founded

in April 1945, is the largest in Europe. It covers a territory of

approximately 3.61 km², bordering the All-Russian Exhibition Center,

and contains a live exhibition of more than twenty thousand different

species of plants coming from various parts of the world. The garden

also has a scientific research laboratory and contains a rosarium with

twenty thousand rose bushes, a dendrarium, an oak forest with the

average age of the trees exceeding 100 years, and a greenhouse of more

than 5000 square meters.

Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences, founded

in April 1945, is the largest in Europe. It covers a territory of

approximately 3.61 km², bordering the All-Russian Exhibition Center,

and contains a live exhibition of more than twenty thousand different

species of plants coming from various parts of the world. The garden

also has a scientific research laboratory and contains a rosarium with

twenty thousand rose bushes, a dendrarium, an oak forest with the

average age of the trees exceeding 100 years, and a greenhouse of more

than 5000 square meters.

Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences,

founded in April 1945, is the largest in Europe. It covers a territory of

approximately 3.61 km², bordering the All-Russian Exhibition Center,

and contains a live exhibition of more than twenty thousand different

species of plants coming from various parts of the world. The garden

also has a scientific research laboratory and contains a rosarium with

twenty thousand rose bushes, a dendrarium, an oak forest with the

average age of the trees exceeding 100 years, and a greenhouse of

more than 5000 square meters.

Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences,

founded in April 1945, is the largest in Europe. It covers a territory of

approximately 3.61 km², bordering the All-Russian Exhibition Center,

and contains a live exhibition of more than twenty thousand different

species of plants coming from various parts of the world. The garden

also has a scientific research laboratory and contains a rosarium with

twenty thousand rose bushes, a dendrarium, an oak forest with the

average age of the trees exceeding 100 years, and a greenhouse of

more than 5000 square meter.

Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences,

founded in April 1945, is the largest in Europe. It covers a territory of

approximately 3.61 km², bordering the All-Russian Exhibition Center,

and contains a live exhibition of more than twenty thousand different

species of plants coming from various parts of the world. The garden

also has a scientific research laboratory and contains a rosarium with

twenty thousand rose bushes, a dendrarium, an oak forest with the

average age of the trees exceeding 100 years, and a greenhouse of

more than 5000 square meters.

Outstanding photo Beau, I would never imagine that the color of the light produced by fireworks would be so close to daylight... The low height of the explosions and the long shadows gives this scene the feeling of films or theatre. Best regards from Argentina. Manuel 

The Mechanization pavilion was built for AUAE-39 under the design by

architects V.S. Andreev, and I.G. Tarakanov.

The Mechanization pavilion at AUAE-39 overlooked the Mechanization square with its main facade and was made of iron, glass, and concrete as a hangar-shaped partition over the Main Alley. Agricultural machinery located along the alley on two tiers was visible from everywhere. The unbreakable line of equipment moved on conveyers, which, according to the project authors' concept, created an "imposing picture of industrial strength of the USSR's agriculture."

At the post-WWII AUAE, the pavilion was called Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture, and, in accordance with the design of the same architects, significantly grew. It consisted of two parts united into the single one. A large hangar was finished with a newly built two-storey cupola hall. The height of the glass cupola with metallic framework is 60 meters (total height of the pavilion is 75 meters), diameter of its foundation is 40 meters. The embrasure of the entrance arch is made of mirror glass. On both sides of the main facade, there are faceted towers crowned by sculptures of a worker and a female collective farmer. Frontal facets of towers are covered with bas relieves devoted to mechanization and electrification of agriculture.

Since 1964, the pavilion has been called Aerospace and has not changed much.

ARECs plans to perform interior reconstruction of the pavilion in order not only to expand display space but also to make it a facility meeting requirements of the evolving market of the domestic exhibition industry.

At the post-WWII AUAE, the pavilion was called Mechanization and

Electrification of Agriculture, and, in accordance with the design of the

same architects, significantly grew. It consisted of two parts united into

the single one. A large hangar was finished with a newly built two-storey

cupola hall. The height of the glass cupola with metallic framework is 60

meters (total height of the pavilion is 75 meters), diameter of its

foundation is 40 meters. The embrasure of the entrance arch is made of

mirror glass. On both sides of the main facade, there are faceted towers

crowned by sculptures of a worker and a female collective farmer.

Frontal facets of towers are covered with bas relieves devoted to

mechanization and electrification of agriculture.

Worker and Kolkhoz Woman (Russian: Рабо́чий и колхо́зница Rabochiy i

Kolkhoznitsa) is a 24.5 meter (78 feet) high sculpture made from stainless

steel by Vera Mukhina for the 1937 World's Fair in Paris, and subsequently

moved to Moscow. The sculpture is an example of the socialist realistic

style, as well as Art Deco style. The worker holds aloft a hammer and the

kolkhoz woman a sickle to form the hammer and sickle symbol.

http://www.maps-moscow.com/index.php?chapter_id=178&data_id=27&do=view_single

http://www.justbrilliance.com/

The Monument to the Conquerors of Space (Russian: Монумент

«Покорителям космоса») was erected in Moscow in 1964 to celebrate

achievements of the Soviet people in space exploration. The Memorial

Museum of Cosmonautics is located inside the base of the monument.

http://www.galerieursmeile.com/home.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument_to_the_Conquerors_of_Space

The main part of the monument is a giant obelisk topped by a rocket and resembling in shape the exhaust plume of the rocket. It is 107 meters (350 feet) tall and, on Korolyov's suggestion, covered with titanium cladding.

A statue of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the precursor of astronautics, is located in front of the obelisk.

A poem in Russian on the front of the stone base of the monument base says:

И наши тем награждены усилья,
Что поборов бесправие и тьму,
Мы отковали пламенные крылья

Своей

Стране

И веку своему!

Approximate translation: "And the reward for our efforts was that, having triumphed over oppression and darkness, we have forged wings of fire for our land and our century!"