Best Temperature

[rashed]

<p>What would be the best chemical temperature to process B/W Nag. films where you get that sort of shining and clossy effect on the film, do we need to increase the temperature for example from 24C to 28C in order to get such effect.<br>

I have noticed all of my B/W films processed in Thailand luck been shining and having the clossy effect.</p>

<p>Thank you and wishing you all of the best.</p>

[john_shriver]

<p>The shining effect could well be sulfiding from improper fixing. You don't want it!</p>

[Alan Marcus]

<p >The customary temperature of the black-and-white process, both for film and paper is 20⁰C (68⁰F). This temperature was the typical room temperature in Europe, the birthplace of photography, in the formative years. Thus, 20⁰C became the de facto standard. In modern times, higher temperatures have become common. Higher temperatures mainly serve to speed things up. Since films and papers both use gelatin as the binder to hold the light sensitive goodies onto film and paper, too high a temperature softens the gelatin making it more likely to be damaged by scratching. </p>

<p >Gelatin is the binder because it is transparent, flexible, low solubility, and most of all porous. This permeable allows the fluids of the process to penetrate and circulate in a through the coatings (emulsion).</p>

<p >Films are naturally shinny (glossy) on the backside and have a softer sheen on the emulsion side. This is not a function of the temperature of the process. The emulsion side is over coated with a thin clear gelatin that serves to protect the film from scratching as it is transported through the camera and the necessary handling during processing. The backside had a shinny balance coat. The film consists of many layers. Each has a different swell and shrink rate. To keep the film from severely curling during drying, a balance coat is used to counter uneven shrinkage. </p>