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"My lungs are bloody," said Hameeda Hassan, 36.

She was 18 when Halabja was bombarded. She had been married for a

year, and a month before the chemical bombardment, her husband was

arrested by Ba�athists. Hassan was injured in the attacks and fled

to Iran and then to the Norwegian capital, Oslo.

"I live in pain. I can�t even breathe," she said. "I always need

humidity because my lungs are damaged, and they always bleed."

After 1991, when Kurdish Iraqis obtained semi-autonomy over their

region, Hasan returned to her hometown. "When I came back to

Halabja, I found my husband�s body in a mass grave. He was buried

alive," she said.