Exactly 48-bit or 16 per channel, if you prefer, is not critical, but more than 8 is, for editing purposes; I used the term loosely, as a class, as it often is in software settings.
As for output, Canon's specifications for the Pixma MG7120 say "Color Depth 48-bit Input / 24-bit Output." (Canon U.S.A., Inc. | PIXMA MG7120)
So Canon is only claiming 24-bit output, but when used with Vuescan the file produced by the MG7120 is recognized by Photoshop as a 48-bit file.
So I believe it is possible for software to access the internal data that is not output by the manufacturer's driver. Thus my question regarding the Epson VS-50000.